See also First Amendment (zoning: pornography). In Young v. American Mini Theatres, Inc., 427 U. S. 50 although five Members of the Court did not agree on a single rationale for the decision, the Court held that the city of Detroit's zoning ordinance, which prohibited locating an adult theater within 1,000 feet of any two other 'regulated uses' or within 600 feet of any residential zone, did not violate the First and Fourteenth Amendments. Id. at 427 U. S. 72-73 (plurality opinion of STEVENS, J., joined by BURGER, C.J., and WHITE and REHNQUIST, JJ.); id. at 427 U. S. 84 (POWELL, J., concurring). Such ordinances are properly analyzed as a form of time, place, and manner regulation. Id. at 427 U. S. 63, and n. 18; id. at 427 U. S. 78-79 (POWELL, J., concurring).
Regulations enacted for the purpose of restraining speech on the basis of its content presumptively violate the First Amendment. See Carey v. Brown, 447 U. S. 455, 447 U. S. 462-463, and n. 7 (1980); Police Dept. of Chicago v. Mosley, 408 U. S. 92, 408 U. S. 95, 408 U. S. 98-99 (1972). On the other ...