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n. A solemn declaration and asseveration, which a witness makes before an officer, competent to administer an oath in a like case, to tell the truth, as if he had been sworn. In the United States, generally, all witnesses who declare themselves conscientiously scrupulous against taking a corporal oath, are permitted to make a solemn affirmation, and this in all cases, as well criminal as civil. Fed. R. Evid. 43(d).
In England, laws have been enacted which partially relieve persons who, have conscientious scruples against taking an oath, and authorize them to make affirmation. In France, the laws which allow freedom of religious opinion, have received the liberal construction that all persons are to be sworn or affirmed according to the dictates of their consciences; and a Quaker's affirmation has been received and held of the same effect as an oath.
Affirmation also means confirming; as, an affirmative statute. Confirmation of anything established; ratification; as, the affirmation of a law. The act of affirming or asserting as true; assertion; - opposed to negation or denial. That which is asserted; an assertion; a positive statement; an averment; as, an affirmation, by the vender, of title ...
